Penetrant Testing

Dye penetrant inspection also called liquid penetrant inspection (LPI), is a widely applied and low-cost inspection method used to locate surface-breaking defects in all non-porous materials (metals, plastics, or ceramics). The penetrant may be applied to all non-ferrous materials, but for inspection of ferrous components magnetic-particle inspection is preferred for its subsurface detection capability. LPI is used to detect casting and forging defects, cracks, and leaks in new products, and fatigue cracks on in-service components

Magnetic Particle Testing

A magnetic field is established in a component made from ferromagnetic material. The magnetic lines of force travel through the material, and exit and reenter the material at the poles. Defects such as crack or voids cannot support as much flux, and force some of the flux outside of the part. Magnetic particles distributed over the component will be attracted to areas of flux leakage and produce a visible indication.

Used to inspect ferromagnetic materials (those that can be magnetized) for defects that result in a transition in the magnetic permeability of a material. Magnetic particle inspection can detect surface and near surface defects.

Ultra Sonic Testing

IT is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is a form of non-destructive testing used in many industries including aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. Ultrasonic Testing (UT) uses high frequency sound energy to conduct examinations and make measurements. Ultrasonic inspection can be used for flaw detection/evaluation, dimensional measurements, material characterization, and more.

Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency, highly directional sound waves to measure material thickness, find hidden internal flaws, or analyze material properties in metals, plastics, composites, ceramics, rubber, and glass. Using frequencies beyond the limit of human hearing, ultrasonic instruments generate shorts bursts of sound energy that are coupled into the test piece, and the instrument monitors and analyzes reflected or transmitted wave patterns to generate test results.

Radio Graphic Testing

IT is the use of ionizing radiations to view objects in a way that can’t be seen otherwise.. Industrial radiography has grown out of engineering, and is a major element of nondestructive testing (NDT). It is a method of inspecting materials for hidden flaws by using the ability of short X-rays and Gamma rays to penetrate various materials. In simple terms, a radiograph is a photographic record produced by the passage of X-rays or gamma rays through an object onto a film or other recording medium. The developing, fixing and washing of the film after exposure can be performed manually or by automated processing equipment. The development process begins after the film is exposed to the radiation and an invisible change called a latent image develops on the film emulsion.

Radio Graphic Test Film Interpretation

After the rt process the film is allowed to pass on different chemical baths and as a result a latent image is obtained to identify the discontinuities the film interpretation process is carried out In addition to producing high quality radiographs, the radiographer must also be skilled in radiographic interpretation. Interpretation of radiographs takes place in three basic steps: (1) detection, (2) interpretation, and (3) evaluation. All of these steps make use of the radiographer’s visual acuity. Visual acuity is the ability to resolve a spatial pattern in an image. The ability of an individual to detect discontinuities in radiography is also affected by the lighting condition in the place of viewing, and the experience level for recognizing various features in the image

Visual Testing

It is the important technique when comparing to all the ndt methods by this test the visual inspector can identify the defects in materials by referring codes and standards with the help of suitable measuring gauges like Vernier,thickness,Cambridge..etc.. All other ndt methods conclude by doing the visual testing this includes testing the documents like WPS , PQR ,WQT, CHECK LIST ,etc…